Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice free essay sample

Of Legitimate Authority Essay, Research Paper Locke? s Argument for the Origin and Practice of Legitimate Authority All through clasp there has been an immutable fight between the considerations of cultural control and the privileges of the individual. Indeed, even at the current clasp there are clashing conclusions on how much force the specialists should hold and how much force the individual should hold over themselves. John Locke, in the same way as other before him, had an idea of how specialists and society should run. He endeavors to create an explanation that will determine the limits of political force while set uping the privileges of restriction. Locke has numerous focuses that met up to offer his expression. These are mostly founded on the fundamental principles that regular equity when joined with real approval will take individuals and their effects, out of a region of nature and into a superior, more grounded, and increasingly stable society. Locke? s boss point on things is that all human natural structures are assets of that person. We will compose a custom article test on Lockes Argument For The Origin And Practice or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He represents this position when he states, ? Through the Earth, and every single mediocre creature, be normal to all work powers, yet every grown-up male has an assets in his ain individual: this no natural structure has any privilege to however himself? ( P. 19 ) . Plainly Locke # 8217 ; s thought of possessions envelops the feeling that the inner self is the effects of the individual and just that solitary person. Locke encourages his announcement by elucidating how a human can hold existent material assets. So as to acquire material things 1 must mix whatever 1 wishes to have with the work of their natural structure. He characterizes work as something that makes normal private. He puts certain limits to existent stuff things by expressing that individual can only have each piece much as they can use to any preferred position without ruin and they should go forward bounty and each piece useful for other people. Locke other than addresses the foundation of subjugation. Subjugation in the intentional or non-deliberate sense is restricted under Locke # 8217 ; s articulation. His justification for why this demonstration is precluded are that when individual has responsibility for singular they have the ability to make with that person? s life what they please. This is an immediate wrongdoing since he has just set the premiss that every individual is simply the owner, and if individual else were to have another it would conflict with this premiss. The idea of subjugation is other than precluded in light of the fact that it conflicts with the statute of nature that rundowns self-safeguarding just like its figure one priority. The statute of nature along these lines integrates with the assets premiss and prompts an extreme choice that servitude ought to non be. Locke areas, ? Each one, as he will undoubtedly proceed with himself, and non to cease his station wilfully, so by the comparative ground, when his ain sparing comes non in rivalry, should he, each piece much as he can, to proceed with the rest of world, and may non, except if it be to make justness on a transgressor, remove, or disable the life, or what watches out for the sparing of the life, the self-governance, health, appendage, or products of another? ( p.9 ) . This on a very basic level summarizes Locke? s statute of nature. He feels that the main duty of grown-up male is to proceed with himself over every other thing, and next he ought to other than proceed, each piece much as could be expected under the circumstances, his kindred grown-up male. Locke accepts that in a territory of nature each individual has the approval to execute the law of nature, however simply when the rough demise of the transgressor will make justness. Equity of this sort is characterized as punishing the offense for the bar of comparative offense, which is expressed to be the privilege everything being equal, and reparation which is completely the privilege of the harmed. By and large Locke backs up the rough demise of vendors if important for justness. The help r oots from the idea of ensured insurance the basic truth they will non be alive to hurt again. His emotions on this issue are outlined obviously when he says, ? each grown-up male, in the territory of nature, has a capacity to execute an outlet, both to demoralize others from making the comparative hurt, which no reparation can offset, by the outline of punishment that goes to it from each natural structure, what's more to secure work powers from the endeavors of a condemnable? ( P. 11 ) . Locke doesn? T accept the region of nature is similar to whole pulverization of mankind or a snake pit, yet he sees numerous occupations with it. The main ground individuals pick to go from the area of nature and into a general public is for better security of their effects. He expresses that the two boss employments with an effects security are that there are no normal governments and human affection gets in the way when discourse creation of just punishment. In a progressively detailed history he expresses the immediate occupations with the territory of nature are that there are no standings Torahs, impassive Judgess, or reliable official forces. Every one of these employments envelop one boss issue. This issue is that possessions, physical and material, should be ensured in a progressively unafraid way. The way to get this higher security is to go out of the territory of nature and into a general public. Locke first moves out of the region of nature and into society through the introduction of assent. Assent is the important status that makes regard authentic. To elucidate what he implies by assent he first clarifies how universes can give assent and why they can give assent. He expresses that the idea of assent of everything is the start of society. He states, ? For when any figure of work powers have, by the assent of each individual, made a network, they have in this manner made that network one natural structure, with a capacity to move as one natural structure, which is simply by the will and finding of the mass? ( P. 52 ) . This unmistakably shows how significant agree is to the position of society, and non simply assent, however the assent of every single part in that society. Their joint assent so makes for a mass kind of guideline. He accepts to be segment of a general public and to be committed to follow the guidelines of that society a man should initially agree to being a part of that society. There are two distinct signifiers of assent. The initial 1 is express assent while the second is quiet assent. Express assent is communicated assent while implicit is a soundless assent. Locke accepts that communicated assent is clear and non hard to comprehend, while inferred is all the more difficult to set up. Locke does by and by accept that on the off chance that one, ? that hath any possessions, or happiness, of any part of the guidelines of any specialists, doth in this manner give his quiet assent, and is each piece far away obliged to submission to the Torahs to that specialists? ( P. 53 ) . This in a general sense implies in the event that you live in a general public where a specialists is built up and you have assets or are relaxing the general public you are staying in this is satisfactory for quiet assent. When an individual has assented, either with unequivocal or unsaid, they are a bit of society. Society is made to proceed with the lives, independence and bequests, which a ll make up assets. At the point when come ining into society individuals enable up to make what they need for sparing and the ability to punish others that they had in the region of nature. Since individuals did by and by hold the privilege to possessions in the area of nature, and would neer acknowledge to be more terrible off than they were prior, society should ever ensure effects. Alongside the assurance of assets to do specialists authentic there are sure conditions to be met. There must be exposure of the benefit of all, unafraid things, constitution of a standing law, emotionless Judgess, and an unprejudiced executing of the law. The resolution law has limits each piece great as obligations. The limits are that there can? t be an outright subjective guideline, assets can? t be taken without assent, and there will be no unapproved transportation of intensity. There can neer be a flat out government and guideline will in this way so be constrained. Locke accepts that government is a sort of servitude and abuses the law of nature that so makes it completely ill-conceived. Locke accepts that specialists? s boss goal is to secure effects with detached Torahs, while other than arraigning the general regular great of the general public. He makes this position understood with his hole words for section 11 that region, ? The incredible terminal of work powers? s come ining into society, being the delight in their belongingss in harmony and security, and the extraordinary instrument and organizations of that being the Torahs built up in the public arena? ( P. 69 ) . Sing that assent is the start of genuine respect, when the specialists is making things that the individuals would non hold agreed to, the individuals will be no longer obliged to comply. At the point when he states, ? The ground for society is the sparing of things. At whatever point people with significant influence endeavor to remove and destruct the possessions of the individuals, they put themselves in a territory of war with the individuals. They relinquish approval, which regresses to the individuals, who reserve the option to restart their unique independence and set up another authoritative? ( P. 211 ) , Locke states obviously exactly when the individuals reserve a privilege to emerge. He all the more explicitly records certain maltreatment of intensity that will empower people to emerge over yonder specialists. They remember the setting of discretionary will for topographic purpose of the Torahs, blocking administrative from piecing, changing force development or leg

The Net Present Value (NPV) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Net Present Value (NPV) - Assignment Example In this manner, limiting gives us the current estimation of cash that is therefore helpful in deciding the net present estimation of some random venture. d) Approximately 25% markdown rate gives a zero NPV. This rate is the Internal Rate of Return and rates beneath this give a positive NPV consequently demonstrating the practicality of a task. Then again, rates above 25% give a negative NPV and such undertakings ought not be embraced. This model could be reached out by including the impact of the vitality bill on an individual’s extra cash. The higher the bill, the higher the cost ramifications on the individual’s net extra cash. A Decision Support System (DSS) is a PC based data framework that is utilized in associations to help with deciding. A DSS is an intelligent automated framework that underpins the dynamic exercises of chiefs utilizing innovation, archives, information and information to finish their undertakings. The 2012 London Olympics included a ton of strategic courses of action that the coordinators needed to consider all together for the games to be a triumph. One part of the games that must be deliberately arranged out was transport. Given the quantity of individuals that ran the nation and the city of London specifically, the vehicle foundation must be all around spread out so that there was structure in the city. The street arrange, open vehicle and the impacts of disturbing vehicle for organizations and different administrations must be specifically compelling to the coordinators of the games. Extra or new assets must be sent in the territories identified with episode identification and furthermore the DSS for arrange administrators. The vehicle heritage after the games ought to be of three kinds. As a matter of first importance is the physical foundation that would be made to upgrade the rail and street systems and vehicle armadas. There are likewise the improvements to the tasks and frameworks by structuring and sending best in class strategies so as to distinguish

Anti-Alcohol Antabuse Implant Used in Eastern Europe

Anti-Alcohol Antabuse Implant Used in Eastern Europe April 27, 2019 Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Antabuse (disulfiram) is a common anti-alcohol drug that is used in the United States and the United Kingdom in a daily pill form. It is effective, however, if you are seeking a version of the drug that is implanted and that works non-stop for 12 months, then you have to go to Eastern Europe. Only one alcoholic drink is enough to make you violently ill. For this reason, it has been found to be an  effective alcohol-deterrent drug. Medical Vacations for Antabuse Implant Treatment In 2010, a news article in the Daily Mail of London showed that many professional women from the U.K. would travel to Eastern European clinics in Latvia, Poland, and Ukraine, on a medical vacation to get the medical treatment package for a cost of about $4,400, which included travel, accommodations and the treatment. A Latvian clinic reported in 2010 than 80 percent of its clients were women in their late 30s and 40s, mostly from the U.K. The health center claimed that the women shared a common thread, most were having problems balancing motherhood, career, and home life, and they would secretly drink at home to get through their day. How Does Antabuse Work?   In the U.S., Antabuse is the oldest medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of alcoholism. Unlike newer medications for alcoholism that either stop the pleasurable effects of alcohol or dampen your craving to take a drink, Antabuse works by producing an  extremely  negative reaction every time you take a drink. Antabuse is a medication that blocks the normal breakdown of alcohol in your system, making you extremely ill within minutes. It causes symptoms similar to a hangover, but much more severe.   In general, you might experience a drop in blood pressure and a rapid heartbeat. Other symptoms include dizziness, severe sweating, intense headaches, heart palpitations, hyperventilation, and shortness of breath. Nausea and vomiting are common effects as well. Antabuse as an Implant In Eastern European clinics, the Antabuse implants are placed under the persons skin above the stomach. The implant releases a constant dose of the drug over a 12-month period. I would say 95 percent of the inquiries weve had are from women who tell us they are at home drinking sometimes as many as three bottles of wine a night. Many of them have been telling us that nobody knows about the level of their drinking and they are desperate as they know they are destroying their lives and the lives of those they love, said Russell Hughes, owner of Aluston Health in Riga, Latvia. Research Studies on Antabuse Research has shown that long-term use of Antabuse is effective because it can help you stop drinking  by helping you break the habit of drinking. Antabuse can help you stop drinking long enough to find out that you can live without alcohol. The drawback, at least in the U.S., is that the drug is only available in daily pill form and you can simply stop taking the pill at any time and take up drinking again. That is not as easy to do with an under-the-skin implant.

Anti-Alcohol Antabuse Implant Used in Eastern Europe

Anti-Alcohol Antabuse Implant Used in Eastern Europe April 27, 2019 Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Antabuse (disulfiram) is a common anti-alcohol drug that is used in the United States and the United Kingdom in a daily pill form. It is effective, however, if you are seeking a version of the drug that is implanted and that works non-stop for 12 months, then you have to go to Eastern Europe. Only one alcoholic drink is enough to make you violently ill. For this reason, it has been found to be an  effective alcohol-deterrent drug. Medical Vacations for Antabuse Implant Treatment In 2010, a news article in the Daily Mail of London showed that many professional women from the U.K. would travel to Eastern European clinics in Latvia, Poland, and Ukraine, on a medical vacation to get the medical treatment package for a cost of about $4,400, which included travel, accommodations and the treatment. A Latvian clinic reported in 2010 than 80 percent of its clients were women in their late 30s and 40s, mostly from the U.K. The health center claimed that the women shared a common thread, most were having problems balancing motherhood, career, and home life, and they would secretly drink at home to get through their day. How Does Antabuse Work?   In the U.S., Antabuse is the oldest medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of alcoholism. Unlike newer medications for alcoholism that either stop the pleasurable effects of alcohol or dampen your craving to take a drink, Antabuse works by producing an  extremely  negative reaction every time you take a drink. Antabuse is a medication that blocks the normal breakdown of alcohol in your system, making you extremely ill within minutes. It causes symptoms similar to a hangover, but much more severe.   In general, you might experience a drop in blood pressure and a rapid heartbeat. Other symptoms include dizziness, severe sweating, intense headaches, heart palpitations, hyperventilation, and shortness of breath. Nausea and vomiting are common effects as well. Antabuse as an Implant In Eastern European clinics, the Antabuse implants are placed under the persons skin above the stomach. The implant releases a constant dose of the drug over a 12-month period. I would say 95 percent of the inquiries weve had are from women who tell us they are at home drinking sometimes as many as three bottles of wine a night. Many of them have been telling us that nobody knows about the level of their drinking and they are desperate as they know they are destroying their lives and the lives of those they love, said Russell Hughes, owner of Aluston Health in Riga, Latvia. Research Studies on Antabuse Research has shown that long-term use of Antabuse is effective because it can help you stop drinking  by helping you break the habit of drinking. Antabuse can help you stop drinking long enough to find out that you can live without alcohol. The drawback, at least in the U.S., is that the drug is only available in daily pill form and you can simply stop taking the pill at any time and take up drinking again. That is not as easy to do with an under-the-skin implant.

Analysis Of My Papas Waltz By Theodore Roethke - 873 Words

While the subject of the poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke has spurred passionate academic debate from professors, scholars, and students alike, the imagery, syntax, and diction of the poem clearly support the interpretation that Roethke writes â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† to look back at the fond memories he has as a child with his father. Roethke’s poem was published in 1961, he was born in 1908 so at the time of this memory he was only about five or six years old. In discussions of â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz,† one controversial issue has been that Roethke’s poem is about the abuse he suffered through as a child. On the one hand, some readers argue that it isn’t when looking at the denotative meaning. On the other hand, many readers contend that it†¦show more content†¦At first glance one might think that Roethke is talking about abuse, but as we further read we will soon be able to grasp the concept that Ro ethke is only describing the â€Å"waltz† with vivid language. The author uses the word â€Å"romped† which means to play roughly and energetically to detail how him and his father waltzed â€Å" until the pans slid from the shelf.† Additionally, Roethke uses the phrase â€Å"But I hung on like death† to describe that as a small child who only reaches his father’s waist it was quite hard to hold on as they â€Å"romped† around. Roethke chooses to describe the mother’s facial expression as a â€Å" countenance† who could not â€Å" unfrown itself† due to the fact that she was happy to see her boys romping around but was disappointed to find that her â€Å"kitchen pans† had been dropped after she might have just organized them. For those reasons, when analyzing the diction in â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† it is essential to look at the denotation of his words to be able to find the true meaning of his poem. Roethke’s use of syntax and imagery ruminates the idea that â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is about the loving memories he has with his father. Roethke chooses to use an iambic trimeter to create a waltz like rhythm for readers to understand the slow swaying of him and his father during this loving memory. He uses the metaphor of the â€Å"waltz† as a symbolShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis of My Papa’s Waltz by Theodore Roethke757 Words   |  3 PagesTheodore Huebner Roethke was born in Saginaw, Michigan, the son of Otto Roethke and Helen Huebner. As a student at Saginaws Arthur Hill High School, Roethke demonstrated early promise in a speech on the Junior Red Cross that was published in twenty-six languages. However, the death of his father from cancer in 1923 was a loss that would powerfully shape Roethkes psychic and creative lives. Roethke attitude toward his father Otto was depicted in his widely anthologized work My Papas Waltz writtenRead MoreAna lysis Of My Papas Waltz By Theodore Roethke1059 Words   |  5 Pages Theodore Roethke’s poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† has spurred passionate academic debates among professors, scholars, and students; the imagery, context, and diction of the poem clearly supports the interpretation that Roethke writes â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† reflecting on his relationship with his father. A relationship in which, notably, causes harm to the author. However, through all the nights Roethke spent in pain and in horror, his love for his father still exists. While many people believe that the authorRead MoreAnalysis Of My Papas Waltz By Theodore Roethke768 Words   |  4 PagesTheodore Roethke was a poet who was born in Saginaw, Michigan and was influenced greatly by his father. His educational background is rather extensive, he attended The University of Michigan, took courses at Harvard University, and would then become poet-in-residence at the University of Washington. Having published several works of literature â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† is among one of his most famous. In this poem, Roethke shows his audience a plethora of viewpoints and opinions; which are free to interpretationRead MoreAnalysis Of My Papas Waltz By Theodore Roethke1062 Words   |  5 PagesTheodore Roethke’s poem, â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† spurs passionate academic debates among professors, scholars, and students; the imagery, context, and diction of the poem clearly supports the interpretation that Roethke writes â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† reflecting on his relationship with his father. A relationship in which, notably, causes harm to the author. However, through all the nights Roethke spent in pain and in horror, his love for his father still exists. While many people believe that the author tellsRead MoreCritical Analysis Of My Papas Waltz By Theodore Roethke911 Words   |  4 PagesIs it true that the most renowned people are often the most damaged? In â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodor e Roethke, this poem reflects his life’s misfortunes while confirming the question. On May 25, 1908 in the quiet town of Saginaw, Michigan, Helen Huebner gave birth to a baby boy, unaware he would grow up to be a distinguished author. However, distinguished or not, Roethke was troubled and battled manic depression throughout the course of his life. He was a brilliant man yet labeled as mentally unstableRead MoreMy Papas Waltz Personal Analysis1473 Words   |  6 PagesConclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 Bibliography †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 Introduction: For this paper, you will be able to encounter the various meanings, tones, structure, my personal opinion and analysis of the poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† by Theodore Roethke. For more to add, you will also encounter with a brief biography of the poet Roethke which will explain why the poet wrote this poem and how much meaning it has for him. The reason why I chose this poem out of the other seven choices that were givenRead MoreMy Papas Waltz: an Analysis of Speaker and Situation Essay772 Words   |  4 PagesThe poem My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke is a moving representation of childhood spent in a working middle class family. The speaker of this poem is a man recalling his childhood, his father and his mother through the means of a waltz. The following essay will present a detailed analysis of the dramatic situation and speaker through the explanations of the various poetic tools used in this poem such as similes, choice of words and style. Theodore Roethke portrays the father figureRead More The Actual Meaning of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesThe Actual Meaning of My Papas Waltz by Theodore Roethke Poetry is made to express the feelings, thoughts, and emotions of the poet. The reader can interpret the poem however they see fit. Critics are undecided about the theme of Theodore Roethkes My Papas Waltz. Some people believe that the poem is one of a happy exchange between a father and son. The more convincing interpretation is that it has a hidden message of parental abuse. Careful analysis of the keywords and each individualRead Moreâ€Å"My Papa’s Waltz†1568 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermine what Theodore Roethke’s poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† conveys. Readers either interpret the poem as telling the happy memory of a little boy playing with his father or as describing a scene of child abuse. From my point of view, the poem is more likely to be about the enjoyable time between the father and the son and I would explain this by discussing on the word choice, tone and rhythm of the poem. Before analyzing, the first thing to look at is the background of the poet, Theodore Roethke. Roethke’sRead MoreAnalysis of Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Theodore Roethke’s â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† Theodore Roethke’s poem â€Å"My Papa’s Waltz† illustrates a nightly ritual between a working-class father and his young son. In the first stanza a young boy holds tightly to his father. The second stanza describes a playful roughhousing between father and son. The fourth stanza shows again the boy’s unwillingness to let go of his father. Roethke’s AB rhyming scheme and waltz-like meter set a light and joyful cadence. The music of the waltz comes through

Massey-Ferguson, 1980 Case Study Solution Essay - 1905 Words

Massey-Ferguson, 1980 Case Study Solution Q1) Assess the product-market strategy and financial strategy Massey pursued through 1976. Where possible, compare Massey’s strategy with those of its leading competitors. Market strategy Massey is a multinational company and has a series of products. It produces farm and industrial machinery and diesel engines, which contributes to 80% and 20% of sales respectively. The farm and industrial machinery has two product lines: the farm machinery line and industrial machinery line. The former produces tractors, combine harvesters, balers, forage harvesters, cane harvesters, agricultural implements, farmstead equipment and other equipment for agricultural purpose, while the latter produces different†¦show more content†¦Competitors Massey’s competitors were International Harvester and Deereamp;Company. In 1976, Massey’s market share was 34%, while the other two were 27.7% and 38% respectively. International Harvester had the highest sales and it was also the most efficient in making use of its assets, with a sales/asset ratio of 1.54. Massey was in the middle, doing better than Deereamp;Company. With regard to financing, in 1976, Massey and International Harvester both had a less than 50% debt/total capital. While till 1980, International Harvester managed to keep the ratio around 50%, Massey had the total debt/capital ratio out of control, with more than 80% debt financing. Neither of the two competitors relied on short term debt such as STD, while Massey relied heavily on STD. Q2) Assess the various alternatives at the current stage of Massey’s difficulties. What options are available for alleviating Massey’s financial problems? Given its current financial situation, the following alternatives are available to Massey-Ferguson. a) Merger/Acquisition A merger offer would raise the stock prices of Massey-Ferguson, if the deal is perceived as synergic for the company in the long run, and would infuse financial resources and flexibility into the company in the short term. In the light of Massey-Ferguson’s negative performance, however, a merger offer from any company seems highly unlikely due toShow MoreRelatedMassey A71345 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDY MASSEY-FERGUSON 1980 Group A7: †¢ Elisenda Sumarroca †¢ Martin Von Vopelius †¢ Finn Pilath †¢ Dimitris Sotiriou †¢ Lorenzo Masserini †¢ Ilia Antipov Q1: DESCRIBE THE INDUSTRY AND THE KEY FACTORS TO BE SUCCESSFUL Industry †¢ Competition between large multinational companies with a large portfolio of products and medium to small companies with a limited range of products. †¢ Main companies in North America: Deere Co, Massey-Fergusson and International Harvester. †¢ Increasing importance of DieselRead MoreUGT in the 21st Century14999 Words   |  60 Pagescommunication scholars today refer to as the uses and gratifications (UG) approach is generally recognized to be a subtradition of media effects research (McQuail, 1994). Early in the history of communications research, an approach was developed to study the gratifications that attract and hold audiences to the kinds of media and the types of content that satisfy their social and psychological needs (Cantril, 1942). Much early effects research adopted the experimental or quasi-experimental approachRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pages2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid-1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time

Heart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrads - 974 Words

In Joseph Conrads’ work, Heart of Darkness, many characters fall victim to insanity caused by the wild environment. However, there are a select few who managed to leave the jungle unscathed after their encounter with the foreign landscape and people. Among these few include the chief accountant of the Outer Station, the foreman of mechanics, the manager of the Central Station, and Marlow. It was not by chance that these men are able to retain their sanity. Each one of these individuals had an occupation, background, lifestyle, or intellect that worked in their favor throughout their stay in the Congo. One of the first men introduced to Marlow upon his arrival to the Outer Station is the company’s chief accountant. Not only is he impeccably dressed, but he is devoted entirely to his paperwork. Marlow immediately observes, â€Å"He was devoted to his books, which were in apple-pie order† (Conrad 46). The accountant’s drive and nature of work are what occupy his time and keep him from losing his mind amidst the dark and menacing jungle. His stationary and indoor occupation prevent him from getting lost mentally and physically in the horrors of the jungle. His lack of exposure to the environment allows him to maintain his civility, which can be observed through his polished appearance and organized work. Consumed by his work, the accountant is distracted from the horrors happening around him, remaining blissfully ignorant amongst his papers. Similarly, the foreman of mechanicsShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad1471 Words   |  6 PagesIn the story Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad a sailor decides to travel to Africa on a whim, using family connections he enlists as the captain of a ship travelling up the Congo River. The novella provides many themes, however is the text in itself racist? 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Great Expectations an exciting opening to the story Essay Example For Students

Great Expectations an exciting opening to the story Essay Charles Dickens was born on the 7th February 1812. His father was sent to prison because he could not afford to pay his debts. Dickens had to go to work at an early age because his father was in prison. At the age of 12, Dickens was working in the blacking factory. A blacking factory was where people made polish for shoes. Dickens worked there to help raise money for his family. As he grew up Dickens became sympathetic towards the poor, especially young children. If you did not have any money in Dickens time it would have resulted in going to the poor house or to the Debtors prison. We will write a custom essay on Great Expectations an exciting opening to the story specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Most of his novels reflected class which was the rich or the poor. Great Expectations deals with problems the characters experienced as they moved through their lives. Pip is one of the main characters, at the beginning a poor child but one who eventually becomes a successful gentlemen. Dickens introduces the scene by setting the scene in the marsh country, down by the river. The main character in Great Expectations is a seven year old boy called Pip. Pip is in the graveyard is in graveyard to visit his mother, father and his five little brothers. The graveyard is a bleak place overgrown with nettles. it was dark, flat wilderness beyond the graveyard was intersected with dykes and mounds and gates scatted cattle feeding on it, was the marshes. These details suggest to the reader that it sounds like a miserable, dark, cold and a windy place. This sets the scene and it tells the reader it is going to be a miserable story. The use of long complex sentences describes that Dickens sets the scene to help the reader imagine the scene. At such a time I found. beginning to cry was Pip. Dickens uses Pip to introduce himself, this is called the first person narrative My fathers family name being Pirrip, and my Christian name being Phillip. The advantages of telling the story is that the reader gets to know Pip very well, however this an disadvantages because the reader only gets to see whats takes place through Pips point of view. Dickens lets the reader know that Pip is a young boy by using childish language and drawing up childish conclusions about what Pip looks like. The shape of the letters on my fathers gave me an odd idea that he was a square, stout, dark man with curly black hair. This makes the reader feel very sorry for Pip. Dickens describes Pip as a young boy by being an orphan, who is living with his sister Mrs Joe Gargery and a blacksmith. The first thing that the reader learns about Magwitch is that he has got a terrible voice. Magwitch makes the reader and Pip feel scared because we dont know is there and why they might be creeping around the marshes and the graveyards at night. The reader is led to believe that Magwitch is an escaped convict because it says that he is wearing a coarse grey uniform with a great iron on his leg. He is also wearing broken shoes, and he has got an old rag tied around his head. Magwitch has been soaked in water and he has been cut by pieces of flint. He is described as being a homeless person. My feelings towards Magwitch is that he is terrifying because he has just escaped from prison and he is hungry, and he asks Pip to go and get food for him. The convict speaks to pip with a terrible and threatening voice. Pip replies to the convict in a frightening way and says to the convict O! Dont cut my throat, Sir. Pray dont do it, Sir. .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 , .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .postImageUrl , .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 , .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2:hover , .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2:visited , .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2:active { border:0!important; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2:active , .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2 .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u53290253981110e35cae8bb7d81b73d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare create and use comedy in the play Twelfth Night EssayThis increase the tension as we think Pip is going to be killed by Magwitch. Also later on in the chapter, the convict tips Pip upside down and empties his pockets out. This is humorous because Pips only a young child and he has got any food on him. It also shows the reader that Magwitch is really hungry, hasnt eaten in days and does not want to kill Pip. The way they speak to each other suggests to the reader how each one is feeling. The characters are feeling cold and Magwitch is very hungry, petrified and he is in a terrible state. When the convict eats the bread ravenously which shows that he hasnt eaten for a long time? What the reader has read so far it is building up to a big end of the first chapter. The reader has been introduced to a small boy crying over the graves of his mother and father, and he is frightened by the voice of a horrible man called Magwitch who asks him questions and then turns Pip upside down to look for food. Magwitch shows some fear when Pip tells him his mother is there, but when he realises that she is buried in the ground, he makes further demands and threatens Pip. The threats I that he will eat Pip by saying You young dog Magwitch is not respecting Pip as a human being but as an animal that he can eat him and He was licking his lips because he was getting ready to pounce on him. The tension is relieved when Magwitch thinks Pips mother is there He started, made a short run, and stopped and looked over his shoulder. Until he realise she is dead. This is humorous because Pip is scared he will get eaten and Magwitch is scared of being caught by Pips dead mother. The convicts threat appears like a childs nightmare because he is saying he is going to eat Pip. The readers last view of Magwitch in this chapter is that he is running away because he scared that Pips mother was there (but shes not). while he is running, he is limping because he has got the big iron dangling from his leg. Magwitch is running through the graveyard, as he runs the dead people are trying to grab him and pull him underground into the graves with them. he looked in my young eyes as if he were eluding the hands of the dead people. Magwitch is a pathetic character because he is limping everywhere and acting stupid. He is also trying to avoid all the boggy land so he doesnt fall into them. The reader might be feeling much easier now that the convict has gone because the convict has been trying to hurt Pip and the reader feels sorry for Pip. Pip ran home after the convict had gone. but now I was frightened, again and ran home without stopping. Dickens creates suspense and an eerie feeling at the end of the chapter 1 by saying that the skies are angry with the red lines. and the sky was just a row of long angry red lines and dense black lines intermixed.

High School Drug Abuse What Do You Do Essays - Drug Control Law

High School Drug Abuse: What Do You Do? According to a study conducted by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research, among the graduating class of 1997, 54.3 percent of students had used an illicit drug by the time they reached their senior year of high school: a dramatic increase from the once 40.7 percent in 1992. The study also reported an increase among high school seniors from 27.1 percent in 1992 to 42.4 percent in 1997, that had used an illicit drug in that past year. There was also an increase from 14.4 percent (1992) to 26.2 percent (1997) of use in the past month. And due to the addictive nature of drugs, many of these young students will continue using them throughout their life. Drug abuse has become an increasing problem in the nation's high schools today. The question is, how is it prevented? Drug testing has been a successful way of controlling this, and the problems associated with it. It is true though, that the most effective way begins in the home, when children are young and just learning about drugs and their hazardous health risks. Other programs deal with educating students about the effects and dangers that will effect a person for the rest of their life. These programs also teach about the legal issues involved. But what do you do for high school students, after it is too late to carry out these programs. And often the programs have been carried out, but students ignored the warning and council, and end up breaking the law. What do you do then? Many schools are implementing drug testing programs, which have been proven to successfully decrease the amount of drug abuse that occurs in schools. High School drug testing has become a very controversial topic in many communities across the nation. Many students and parents are arguing that drug testing is a violation of the rights of a US citizen as designated in the 4th amendment of the Constitution. But, in the Supreme Court case of Vernonia School District v. Wayne Acton, it was ruled constitutional. They also argue that it is unethical, and sending the wrong message to students. One parent said, as stated in an article in the Seattle Times, Kids who experiment and are caught, they're going to be banned from extracurricular activities. And their choice is probably going to be to party more. They won't have the other outlets that are an alternative to drugs. First, for the programs that have been used in schools, it has been common for a third offense to be necessary before completely banning the student from extracurricular activities. But, if a student who participates in those activities, is caught using drugs, then it ob viously wasn't an alternative to drug use. In addition to that, most communities have programs for teenagers to participate in to keep them away from those types of things, and even help them quit. Other arguments are over legal issues. In the 4th amendment to the Constitution it states ?the Federal Government shall not violate the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures.? In the Vernonia case, the measure of constitutionality depended upon the reasonableness of the search; high school drug testing among student athletes was considered reasonable. One could still argue that by having an athletic policy that requires refraining from drug use could be unconstitutional as well. But where the law prohibits the use of illicit drugs by anyone, and when you take into consideration the rights of others that would be affected, having such a policy is the only way to protect the students who participate. Those school districts that have already implemented a drug testing program have found that it works. Burlington-Edison High School of Skagit County, Washington, implemented a drug testing program very similar to that of the Vernonia School District. And after the first year of drug testing, about 25 students had been caught. Since that first year, the overall drug use has decreased, calling for a reduction in drug testing. The system that these schools used was very professional and kept confidential to protect the identities of the students from outside

Free Essays on Kyocera Corporation Study Case

Kyocera Corporation â€Å"In this Ubiquitous Age, globalization and speed mean everything. Kyocera is continuing to set the standard in creativity with its valuable operations† President: Yasuo Nishiguchi - Hawaii University College Business & Computer University College BUCC,Hamra Str., Beirut, Lebanon www.hu.edu.lb , www.hawaiiuniversity.org Fall 2002/2003 Mid-Term Research Report. Course Title: Leadership Motivation & Behavior. Instructor: Dr. H. Yassine. Done by: Ahmad N. Al-Khatib (MBA-Management) - 1) Is Kyocera Corporation a Learning Organization ? If we are to consider Kyocera Corporation from all different angles & point of views according to visual evidence of continuous success & prosperity, then we can say that Kyocera Corporation is in fact a successful learning organization in its business domain for many reasons. Beyond its evident success & prosperity we are invited to take a closer look at the daily functioning operations & the tools, processes, philosophies, visions, innovations, efficiencies & affectabilities made use of, & put at hand which have all came about under a revolutionary administration to make the organization one of the most learning organizations in the world of business. What makes Kyocera Corporation a leading force in this field is its continuous growing experience in the various fields of its conducted businesses, ranging from the well-organized personnel who work as an amoebic team force, to its concern in the human capital of continuous innovations & challenges. Its well established culture of rules & believes, of competency & effective service, openness to globalization & international competition on bases of diversification, renovating it self & its products, developing & experi... Free Essays on Kyocera Corporation Study Case Free Essays on Kyocera Corporation Study Case Kyocera Corporation â€Å"In this Ubiquitous Age, globalization and speed mean everything. Kyocera is continuing to set the standard in creativity with its valuable operations† President: Yasuo Nishiguchi - Hawaii University College Business & Computer University College BUCC,Hamra Str., Beirut, Lebanon www.hu.edu.lb , www.hawaiiuniversity.org Fall 2002/2003 Mid-Term Research Report. Course Title: Leadership Motivation & Behavior. Instructor: Dr. H. Yassine. Done by: Ahmad N. Al-Khatib (MBA-Management) - 1) Is Kyocera Corporation a Learning Organization ? If we are to consider Kyocera Corporation from all different angles & point of views according to visual evidence of continuous success & prosperity, then we can say that Kyocera Corporation is in fact a successful learning organization in its business domain for many reasons. Beyond its evident success & prosperity we are invited to take a closer look at the daily functioning operations & the tools, processes, philosophies, visions, innovations, efficiencies & affectabilities made use of, & put at hand which have all came about under a revolutionary administration to make the organization one of the most learning organizations in the world of business. What makes Kyocera Corporation a leading force in this field is its continuous growing experience in the various fields of its conducted businesses, ranging from the well-organized personnel who work as an amoebic team force, to its concern in the human capital of continuous innovations & challenges. Its well established culture of rules & believes, of competency & effective service, openness to globalization & international competition on bases of diversification, renovating it self & its products, developing & experi...

Outsourcing and Its Impacts on Corporations Research Paper

Outsourcing and Its Impacts on Corporations - Research Paper Example The paper looks at the core of Apple's business model and its operations, and identifies the key problem as relating to its need to manage its outsourcing relationships and networks in order to secure its manufacturing strategy. The ensuing analysis makes use of IOM concepts and tools to identify technological and management interventions to make the outsourcing strategy work (Wailgum, 2011; Terry, 2013; Chen, 2012; Kabin, 2013; Langlois and Robertson, 1989; Gupta, Kim and Levine, 2013; Smith, Buddress and Raedels, n.d.; Google, 2013; Reuters, 2013). II. Background Information The business problem is outsourcing and the impact of outsourcing on corporations, and this problem is culled from relevant business and academic articles and cases. In general outsourcing is seen as providing benefit to many companies in terms of paring down costs of doing business and being able to delegate work that is better and more efficiently done by third parties so companies can focus on the things tha t they do well, and which add to their overall ability to compete and do well in their respective industries. Outsourcing has been a key reality in doing business for several decades now, and earnest literature recognizing its importance and its groundbreaking impacts on global business extends to at least 2006, with all industries and all kinds of firms profoundly affected by the outsourcing of different kinds of work and corporate functions to India and other parts of Asia, and with outsourcing becoming such a crucial issue that is has been singled out as a political issue in presidential elections in the US (Engardio, Arndt and Foust, 2006; Hochschild, 2012; Corn, 2012). Of particular interest in this paper is the role that outsourcing plays in Apple Inc. Apple is in the business of designing, marketing and manufacturing devices for communications as well as for multimedia, geared towards consumer markets, together with computing devices, software platforms, services, and content and apps developed by parties for the operating systems and software platforms that the company develops. The core products of the firm include its iconic iPhones smart phones and iPad tablet computers, as well as Mac computers and laptops. Platform-rendered services out of its core computing platforms are iTunes, and the Mac Store, as well as its App Store, which serve up music and other digital multimedia content, as well as third party software and apps. Together these software, services, devices and content delivery platforms make up an ecosystem that caters to the comprehensive network of products and services for everyday consumer computing and telecommunications. The company is also branching out into new areas of computing, including search and cloud computing, with a growing array of core technologies being developed and or acquired to beef up competencies in those emerging areas of consumer computing, and in reaction to new market realities and opportunities, as well as c ompetition initiatives and strategies. Its core competitors include Microsoft, Samsung, Google, Motorola, HP, Nokia, and HTC, for different aspects of its primary businesses (Google, 2013; Reuters, 2013). Apple has been extraordinarily successful not just in its own technological sector, but in general as an American company reaping extraordinary levels of revenues and profits, even besting oil in terms of its overall market valuation. This is reflected in the high historical

Professionalization of modern sport For Profit or Glory Essay

Professionalization of modern sport For Profit or Glory - Essay Example how it cooperates and competes; it also shows the connections between the practice of shareholder management and the achievement of different performance goals; it recommends attitudes and structures to the stakeholder management. For football industry, there is a need to capture stakeholder in order to re-examine its governance structure and practice, meet the increasing expectations and standards of accountability and maximize its economic performance. Otherwise, a conflict can arise between the football club and its stakeholders, where the fans are the main priority in the field of success of the certain football club (Hoye & Cuckelly, 2007). Besides, sport organizations are also the subject of scrutiny from such stakeholders as members, sponsors, consumers, and the government funding agencies that expect the football club will deliver the highest quality outcomes. The football supporters argue to make the sport’s governance a serious political issue (Rae, 2014). That is an evidence of a random survey conducted among the four thousand adults, the eighteen per cent of which consider their clubs are in the well financial state, while thirty-eight per cent call for the regulation connecting supporters to be involved in the ownership of the club directly. If to speak about the English football and in case of any conflict arises, the Company Law, protecting the clubs’ investors, can replace certain fans (Michie & Shay, 1999). With the introduction of the Companies Act 2006, its Section 172 states that â€Å"a director of the company should act in the way of good faith† and â€Å"most likely to promote the success of the company for the benefit of its members as a whole† (Companies Act, 2006). In that case, the director of the club should understand all the consequences of any decision in the long term perspective should care for the company’s business relationships with stakeholders and make an impact on the company’s operations in the community and the

Aetiology and Psychology of Terrorism

Aetiology and Psychology of Terrorism The purpose here is to examineanalyze scrutinize, evaluate and present synthesize what has been stated in the scientific and professional literature about the etiology of terrorism. This discourse is not intended to propose suggest that the scientific discipline of psychology and psychiatry provides the only, or necessarily the best, logical framework for understanding terrorism. Like all the approaches to understanding or explaining human behaviorbehaviour, these approaches have advantages and limitations. Even though the fundamental problem of defining terrorism has been difficult, but for the purpose of research one should specifically look at the acts of violence, rather than to the threats or intimidation, which are deliberately carried out on civilian non- combatants, with the objective of promoting some ideological political or religious point of view. A primary Our focus on psychological dimensionsdimensions, will, de-emphasizes analysis of of significant sociologically based explanations, or the so-called root causes or macro-level economic and political theories of terrorism.. In the global war on terrorism, it is pertinent to query what is meant by terrorism. The common definition of terrorism is to some extent the use or threat of violence, by small groups against non-combatants of large groups, for avowed political goals.1 (McCauley, 2007). Terrorism is the warfare of the feeble, and it is the option for those who are desperate for a cause that cannot be won by fair and square means. It is interesting to note that state terrorism against its own citizens like the one carried out by Mao, Hitler and Stalin, far exceeds the number compared to the anti-state terrorism, where the number of people killed is comparatively insignificant. The concepts of terrorism have changed over the yearstime and so have the terrorists, their motives, and the causes of terrorism. Hence in approaching this task,task, it is vital to to give a an astute overview of all the relevant literature on the subject one is wary of Walter Laqueurs incisive conclusion based on more than a quarter century of personal research on the topic is valuable to mention. Laqueur, one of the leading experts on terrorism and international strategic affairs, recounting the history of terrorism and, more importantly, examining the future of terrorist activity worldwide, gives a list of alarming feasible options for terrorists. Chemical and biological weapons are cheap and relatively easy to make or buy. Even nuclear devices are increasingly possible choices . Laqueur traces the chilling trends developing in terrorism perpetrated by groups of oppressed nationalists and radicals seeking political change to small clusters of fanatics bent on vengeance and simple destruction. Coinciding with this trend is the alarming availability of weapons of mass destruction.2 (Laqueur, 2003). As psychiatrist, Jerrold Post,a psychiatrist, emphasizesmakes that caution even more directly applicable to an exploration of the psychological dimension of terrorism. He warns that: There is a broad spectrum of terrorist groups and organizations, each of which has a different psychology, motivation and decision-making structure. Indeed, one should not speak of terrorist psychology in the singular, but rather of terrorist psychologies. 3 (Post, 2001). The available literature on etiology of terrorism is mostly biased, lopsided and outlandish. For instance, the literature, on psychodynamics of so-called Muslim Terrorism is bizarre and far-fetched. To explain the etiology of terrorism the authors used the garb of (Laqueur, 2003)4 existential and Freudian dynamic concepts. The simple facts are convoluted and magnified disproportionately to blame Islam as a religion and responsible globally for terrorism. Changes in the Concept of Terrorism in the last Quarter Century There have been significant changes in the concept of terrorism over the last quarter century. Most of the terrorist activities were designed to achieve specific identifiable and mostly achievable political objectives. The transformation has occurred partly because of the changes in the larger international political circumstances. For example, some of the old methods of terrorism were designed more for objectives that could be considered national liberation or self-determination; the kind of situations that have been involved in most of the Palestinian terrorism as well as terrorism in, for instance, Northern Irish groups. While most of those objectives having already been achieved, but not in the case of Palestine. This was also relevant in the case of various former African colonies which after their independence declared their freedom fighters (the so-called terrorist) as heroes. The decolonization of these countries has made it all irrelevant. A facilitating society is one that sees them as heroes and provides refuge to them. Their belief or ideology is that they are doing the right thing or Gods will. In fact, they cannot succeed without this key ingredient. At present, clearly the actions for which Nelson Mandela was convicted in 1964 did not constitute terrorism. Thus the confusion between the ends and means has given an adage, that one mans freedom fighter is other mans terrorist such a long life. Whether they are struggling for freedom, to enforce repressive theocracy to suggest freedom fighter, is an alternative to terrorist is to confuse ends and means.'[1] The Evolution of Terrorism Terrorism is continually persistently changing. While onat the surface it remains the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat to inculcate fear it is rapidly becoming incresingly the predominant strategic tool of opponents. The twenty-first century has seen the new adaptations in the terrorists tactics and strategies according to the developing global socio-political environment. Some of these changes facilitate the abilities of terrorists to operate, procure funding, and develop new capabilities. These global changes are leading to an altered relationship with the world at present . Other changes are gradually moving terrorism into a different relationship with the world at large. Historically, it is essential to remember that society and governments have changed over the years. As there were no central form of governance, or a single leading political power it was not possible to use terrorism to bring about change. Modern forms of governance and states came into being after 1648 (Treaty of Westphalia). Thus terrorism is a relatively recent phenomena used by anti-state elements to bring about change. Thus the game of warefare became open and availabl to many more more players ,,due to the absence of a governing central authority . Also, the absence of central authority meant that the game of warfare was open to many more players. Instead of national armies, a variety of non-sovereign landed gentry nobility, armed forces, religious group leaders, or commercial companies participated in warfare. Their involvement in warfare was considered to be perfectlyabsolutely legitimate. This distinguishes the modern period, where nations go to the war, but private involvement is actually against the law. Psychological approaches to understand violence in the context of terrorism As psychology is regarded as the science of human behaviorbehaviour, hence it is a reasonable, and potentially productiveuseful line of inquiry. Before investigating the exploring psychological approaches to the specific particular problem of terrorist violence, at this stage it would be pertinent,it may be helpful first to examine the explainations given bywhether and how psychology and other behaviorbehavioural sciences have resorted to explain violent and agressive behaviorbehaviours in more generallly. An act that deliberately hurts physically or harms another being will fit in the definition of violence. Violence is generally defined as how harm is caused to others, but it also takes in the form of violence to self by means of suicide and self-mutilation. However, several social scientists might not agree and find these parameters to be constricted and limiting to provide any meaningful description of violence. They might argue that threats as well as overt acts be included, tha t psychological or emotional harm is as relevant as physical harm, and that injury is merely an outcome and not a descriptor of the act. On the other hand, some would contend that intentional harm is too restrictive because it would include legitimate behaviorbehaviour in some contact sports or consensual infliction of pain. Available evidences and observations support that violence is caused by multiple factors, many of which are strongly related to, and even affect each other. These factors are a a complex interaction of biological, social, contextual, cognitive, and emotional in nature that occur over a period of time. Some of these causes will be more prominent than others for certain individuals and for certain types of violence and aggression.5 (Borum et al, 2004). A second general observation is that most violence can be usefully viewed as intentional. It is goal-directed and intended to achieve some valued outcome. It is not the product of innate, instinctual drives, nor is it the inevitable consequence of predetermining psychological and social forces. Obviously, many factors influence that decision and the competing options are available, but humans typically are not passive receptacle for involuntary displays of behaviorbehaviour. Indeed there are exceptions. For instance an individual could become aggressive or violent, if there is some emotional disturbance or cerebral dysfunction, as these conditions can generally lead to lack of self- control or dis-inhibition. However this behaviorbehaviour would be inconsistent with the kind of organization and planning necessary to carry out a terrorist attack. Thus a terrorist action simply, is a calculated well-planned violent act against civilians and military personnel in times of peace, carried out by a group of people who use terrorism to publicize their cause which could be religious or political. ThusAnd/or threatening or pressurizing a government(s) or civilian population into accepting demands on behalf of the cause. To identify the relevant social science literature the focus will be on locating professional literature published in major books or in peer-reviewed journals. A comprehensive review of scientific and professional literature is fundamental to the holistic approach in order to succinctly to comprehend the underlying understand the causes, motivations and determinants of terrorist behaviorbehaviour. Earlier literaturey writings on the psychology of terrorism were based mostly on psychoanalytic theories (e.g., narcissism, hostility toward parents), but now, the new research data has provided most researchers have since moved on to other explanations,in this context.6 (Borum et al., 2004). Psychologists have introduced the term psychology of terrorism to answer questions like, how and why people become terrorists, and are there any personality traits typical for terrorism. Psychological theories relating to terrorism: Frustrating Psycho-social Environment: Frustration due to poverty, marginalization, and unemployment is one of the oldest theories which are the earliest identified is factors significant in sociology related to terrorism. Terrorists usually belong to the above-mentioned categories. They suffer from social alienation and it is these socially disadvantaged people who are reported to be more at risk for getting involved in acts of violence. Psychopathology and severe mental disorders: The persons who commit acts of extreme violence and destruction, killings and carnage have been regarded as inhuman, fanatical and abnormal. Terrorist organizations are now known to be well-organized and disciplined. It is unlikely that they would induct mentally ill people in the organizations. Possibly there is some casual screening, for serious psychopathology prior to induction in a group for organized terrorism. Personality disorder: People resorting to terrorism, may have some form of psychopathology such as personality disorders.But The problem is that they are frequentlygenerally recognized as terrorists after a long period of association to a group The so-called narcissistic traits, for example extreme sensitivity to criticism, extreme fluctuations of mood, tendency to divide the world into extreme black and white, rather than understanding that there is a large grey area in life ,which must be comprehended in order to get adjusted to the world., which one needs to get adjusted to. Besides, characteristics like inability to form intimate bonds, insensitivity to others needs and feelings could also be the causes which may result in people to join fundamentalist, fanatical or otherwise terrorist organizations. Fanaticism: A fanatic is described as a person who is passionately engaged in a religious cause. For a fanatic the world is divided in two categories: one is of those who are keenly involved in a religious cause; and the other who are not keenly involved in a religious cause. The concept of fanaticism has somecarries some implications of mental illness. The terrorist is branded as fanatic, mainly due to the actions which lead to self-harm in psychological terms., However, Taylor (1988)7 does not categorize fanaticism as a diagnostic entity in mental illness. He believes that the common assumptions about the relationship between fanaticism and mental illness are inappropriate. The fanatic often has fastidious perspective to the world view, which is at the extreme end of a continuum. Terrorist Strategy According to Alexanader and Klien (2006)8 the objectives of terrorists vary leading to the following reactions: cCreates mass anxiety, fear, and panic, fostering a sense of helplessness and hopelessness; demonstrating the incompetence of the authorities; destroying a sense of security and safety provoking inappropriate reactions from individuals or the authorities (e.g. repressive and/or incompetent legislation or the excessive use of violence against suspect individuals and organizations). In addition, large-scale terrorist incidents can have adverse effects on world financial markets, travel and tourism, and may trigger xenophobic counter reactions. Modern terror organizations devote a lot of time and effort, as well as extensive resources into techniquesmethods of psychological warfare. They meticulously studycarefully observe their target- population which can be exploited. Research studies in terrorism indicate that they target countrys media in order to get their threats across and the media gets into their trap by magnifying the fears of the population and leads them to intensely condemn amplify criticism of the government and its policies. Radical viewsebellious views in the society are skilfully exploited carefully collected and used to create doubts inhallenge the populations beliefs in the rightness of its own ways. The terror organizations from the outset, plan that that they will not necessarily achieve their goals purely by means of terror attacks. They recruit the help of its victims themselves in gaining its objectives by inculcating fear. A conquest that would be impossible by military means is thus subtly achieve d through a prolonged campaign of psychological warfare that steadily wears down the target-populations will to fight. Hoffman, 1998).9 An important understanding is that becoming caught up in terrorism is a process. No one is born a terrorist. It is neither the question of bad genes, nor does a person suddenly wakes up one morning and makes a decision that he would start planting bombs in public streets. In the first instance, becoming a terrorist is an matter of socialization. Most of the societies possess some minorities or dissatisfied groups who rightly or wrongly perceive that the world is treating them cruelly. In other cases there could be a genuine and very significant cause for grievance. Individuals who belong to or identify with such disenchanted groups share a sense of injustice and discrimination. It is from such groups of people that individual terrorists emerge. The transition from a disaffected individual to the violent extremist is usually facilitated by a catalyst event. Usually the instigating event is police or security forces brutality; or a rival group against the individual, family, or friends; or just anyone they can identify with. The combination of sense of belonging to an under-pressure group combined with the experience of extreme violence against, either oneself or significant number of others, is the impetus for some to engage in terrorism. (Silke, 2003; 11 Shamim, 2009).10 According to McCauley: A terrorist group is the apex of a pyramid of supporters and sympathizers. The base of the pyramid is composed primarily those who sympathize with the terrorist cause even though they may disagree with the violent means that the terrorist use. In the present time the instance of Northern Ireland, the base of the pyramid constitutes who agree with Brits Out. In the Islamic world, the base of the pyramid is all those who agree that the US has been hurting and humiliating Muslims for decades. The pyramid is essential to the terrorists for cover and for recruits. The terrorists hope that a clumsy and over-generalized strike against them will hit some of their own side who are not yet radicalized and mobilized, will enlarge their base of sympathy, will turn the sympathetic but immobilized to action and sacrifice, and will strengthen their own status at the apex of this pyramid. (McCauley, 2007).12 In 1986, the US attempted to retort to Libyan-supported terrorism by bombing Libyas leader, Muammar Khaddafi. The bombs missed Khaddafis residence but a nearby apartment building was badly damaged, killing several women and children. This blunder was downplayed in the US but it became a public relations success for anti-US groups across North Africa. Interestingly, in 1998, a similar act was committed by the US when it sent cruise missiles against terrorist camps in Afghanistan and against a supposed bomb factory in Khartoum as retaliation to a terrorist attack on US embassy. (It appears now that the bomb factory was in fact producing only medical supplies). Usually a terrorist does not aim for a violent response that is not well aimed . Terrorists hope for a reaction of stereotyping and prejudice in which the y are seen as typical members of the cause they sa y they are fighting for. Often the terrorists are only a tiny splinter of the group they aim to lead. Their mo st dangerous opposition is mostly from their own side, from moderates who see alternatives other than violence. If the reaction to terrorist attack is to put together all those who sympathize with the cause the terrorists claim to serve, to see a whole ethnic or religious group as dangerous and violent, then the moderates are undermined and the terrorists win. The hardcore terrorists are usually a tiny splinter of the group. They aim to lead and expect a reaction of stereotyping and prejudice; which enhances their image. Their most dangerous opposition is often from their own side, from the moderates who see alternatives other than violence. If the response to terrorist attack is to lump together all who sympathize with the cause the terrorists claim to serve, to see a whole ethnic or religious group as dangerous and violent, then the moderates are undermined and the terrorists win. Discrimination in the form of hostility and offensive behavior Rudeness, suspicion and hostility directed toward Arabs and other Muslims in the US and Europe will possibly lead to empathy with the terrorists. The reactions of stereotyping and prejudice observed against them is more likely to become a source of help to the terrorist instead of being a positive force against terrorism. Profiling or other infringement of civil rights of Arabs and Muslims by US agencies of state security would help encourage a sense of victimization. Several thousands of Arabs and Muslims who were jailed since 9/11 on suspicion of terrorist activities will be obviously antagonized, leading them to feel aggrieved and violated by the infringement of their rights, when they are finally released. The US stance of threat and hostility towards Arabs and Muslims, following 9/11 has proven dangerous. Join our war against terrorism or else has clearly, now risked and undermined the Western leaning governments andof states, where fundamental Muslim forces are contesting government cooperation with the West. If the reaction to terrorism is seen as a crusade against the Muslims, the terrorists will be in a position to lead a jihad in their countries. Anti-terrorist activities in Afghanistan and invasion of Iraq are again seen as pursuance of the same policy. Pakistan at present is bearing the fall-out of this policy and suffering the brunt of the war on terror as the frontline state for terrorist activities. (Ereira Wallace, 1995).13 Alexander and Klien (2005)14 provided a critical analysis of the western perspective of psychological aspects of terrorism at The Royal Society of Medicine Conference in April 2005. We need to view this phenomenon not through a moral prism but through a psychosocial one. This not an easy challenge and mental health specialists are more comfortable dealing with the impact of terrorist activity than with the motives and the psychological makeup of those who perpetrate such incidents. This is indeed one of the rare positive points of view of a leading expert in psycho-trauma from the Western World. The biased use of the term terrorist is often useda convenient one to stigmatize the adversaries. It is also understandable why such events, like the destruction of the World Trade Center; the car and suicide bombings in Iraq; the Bali nightclub bombing; and the London suicide bombing of July 2005, provoke public anger and egg on politicians and other prominent figures in civil society to compete with rival each other in their expressions of condemnation denunciation. Howeverr, emotional catharsis of this kind does not add to the efforts to deal with terrorism. (Gunaratnam et al. 2003).15 There are several misconceptionsyths about terrorists and suicide bombers in particular. The term suicide bomber is clearly a misleading misnomer, propergatederpetuated particularlymainly by the media. (Salib, 2003).16 It is not suicide; it is an act of faith and martyrdom inbued and permeatedsuffused with religious and/or political motives. According to Pape (2005)17 over 95 per cent of suicide terrorist attacks have resulted as a part of a strategic campaign to compel the withdrawal of foreign military forces from an occupied territory where religious differences exist between the occupier and the occupiedd. Alexander and Klien identified some of the common realities about the terrorist: Most terrorists are not mentally ill, and most do not have violent or psychopathic personalities (such individuals would find it very difficult to remain covert as part of a sleeping cell) Not all terrorists come from impoverished or disadvantaged backgrounds (e.g. Osama bin Laden and the Badder-Meinhof group). Disadvantaged environments are more likely to produce sympathisers than terrorists Not all terrorists are religious fanatics, and many belong to secular groups (those who do belong to ex tremist religious groups may be motivated by the prospects of immortality and the rich rewards following their ascendancy) Terrorists are not typically brain-washed or coerced into terrorist activity, although there is often a charismatic and inspira tional leader There is now a move to involve females. Also, children as young as 12 years have been recruited by the Tamil Tigers of northern Sri Lanka . (A recent survey31 alarmingly confirmed, from a survey of school children in Gaza, that 70% wished to become a shahid in a self sacrificing act of martyrdom) Regularly found among terrorists are: poor self esteem, a sense of hopelessness, shame, a need for revenge, and a sense of vulnerability . Most of the research data does no t support the concept that suicide bombing is primarily a result of T hus, the idea that the cause of suicide bombing is religious fanaticism.There is ample authentic research evidence that suicide bombing ,is also used as a tactic by several secular groups. does not stack up with the data; many groups adopting suicide-bombing tactics, including those in the Middle East, are entirely secular. Specifically, the idea that Islamist belief is the root- cause of suicide bombing is false and misleading; the majority of suicide bombings in the last two decades of the 20th century were conducted by the Tamil Tigers in Sri Lanka, from a predominantly Hindu culture (Pape, 2003).17 Equally disingenuous is the portrayal of suicide bombers as typically young single men, disenfranchised, unemployed and uneducated. Suicide bombers can be men or women aged anywhere between early teens to late-forties, religious or secular, unemployed or employed, destitute or privileged, educated or uneducated, married or single, socially isolated or socially integrated (Pape, 2003).17 The other common media explanation is that suicide bombers, particularly the young, are somehow brainwashed or coerced into such attacks. However, virtually all would-be suicide bombers are volunteers. The problem today for groups employing suicide attacks is not recruitment; it is managing the over-supply of volunteers. (Hassan, 2001).18 A recent survey of schoolchildren in Gaza found that 70 per cent wished to become a shaheed in a martyr operation. Eyad Sarraj, psychiatrist and director of the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme, concludes: If you ask a little child in Gaza today what he wants to be, he doesnt say doctor or engineer, or businessman. He says he wants to be a martyr. (Hawley, 2002;19 Marsden Attia, 2005).20 Theoretical Models Following are the main psychological theories that have been applied to understanding violence: Instinct Theory Psychoanalytic Model: The most widely recognized theory that addresses the roots of all forms of violence is the psychoanalytic model. Despite its influence on writers in the political science, sociology, history, and criminology literature, this model has weak logical, theoretical, and empirical foundations (Beck, 2002).21 Freud considered aggression generally as an innate and instinctual human trait, which is generally cultivated in the normal course of human development. A later development in Freuds theory was that humans had the energy of life force (eros) and death force (thanatos) that required internal balance. Violence was seen as the displacement of thanatos from self and onto others. (Corrado, 1981).22 Freud wrote: One has, I think, to reckon with the fact that there are present in all men destructive, and therefore anti-social and anti-cultural, trends and that in a great number of people these are strong enough to determine their behaviorbehaviour in human society. (Freud, 1927, p. 7). Early writings on psychological dimensions of terrorist behaviorbehaviour were dominated by psychoanalytic formulations, reflecting, in part, the prevailing theoretical orientation in clinical practice at the time. The two themes consistently at the center of these formulations were: (1) that motives for terrorism are largely unconscious and arise from hostility toward ones parents: and (2) that terrorism is the product of early abuse and maltreatment. One of the earliest examples of the former was Feuers (1969)23 conflict of generations theory, which is based on a Freudian interpretation of terrorism as a psychological reaction of sons against fathers, a generational phenomenon rooted in the Oedipus complex and, thus, in maleness (Crenshaw, 1986).24 The idea that terrorism is rooted in childhood abuse (often unconscious squealae) is a relatively common theme, and is still held by some contemporary analysts. (McCormick, 2003).25 The premise was that terrorist behaviorbehaviour was rooted in a personality defect that produced a damaged sense of self. The essence of pathological narcissism is an overvaluing of self and a devaluing of others. It is not difficult to see how one might observe these traits among terrorists. In fact, political scientist Richard Pearlstein concluded: the psychoanalytic concept of narcissism is the most complete and thus most intellectually satisfying theory regarding the personal logic of political terrori sm.26 Crayton (1983), for example, posed the psychology of narcissism as a framework for understanding terrorist behaviorbehaviour, using Kohuts concepts to guide his argument. According to Clayton, the two key narcissistic dynamics are a grandiose sense of self and idealized parental imago ( If I cant be perfect, at least Im in a relationship with something perfect). With regard to the effect of groups, he argues that narcissistically vulnerable persons are drawn to charismatic leaders and that some groups are held together by a shared grandiose sense of self. As others have posited, he suggested that narcissistic rage is what prompts an aggressive response to perceived injustice. Indeed narcissistic rage has been posed by more than one observer as the primary psychological precipitant of terrorist aggression. In developmental context the way in which this evolves is that as children the budding terrorists are deeply traumatized, suffering chronic physical abuse and emotional humiliation. This creates a profound sense of fear and personal vulnerability that becomes central to their self-concept. To eliminate this fear and create a more tolerable self-image, such individuals feel the need to kill off their view of themselves as victims. These viewpoints have obviously evolved from Western school of thought and thus they can be partially applied to the terrorist groups in the Muslim world. There are clearly other significant social, political and religious factors which also contribute to the profile of a terrorist emerging in the Muslim Word. Ethology: Ethology is defined as the scientific study of animal behaviorbehaviour, especially as it occurs in a natural environment and as the study of human ethos, and its formation. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2000).27 According to Konrad Lorenz, cited in Borum et al. (2004):28 Aggression arises from a very basic biological need —- a fighting instinct which has adaptive value, as humans have evolved. He proposed that the drive from aggression is innate and that, in humans, only its mode of expression is learned through exposure to, and interaction with the environment. According to this theory, the instinctual drive for aggression builds up over a period of time, and is fueledfuelled by emotional or psycho-physiological arousal, and it is consequently discharged by a process of release, which presumably decreases drive. Significant differences were observed by social scientists, anthropologists and experimental research, in the nature and level of aggression in different cultures, They argue that aggression can be environmentally manipulated, which is an argument against universality of this human instinct. Drive Theory Frustration Aggression (FA): The basic premise of the frustration-aggression (FA) hypothesis is twofold: (1) Aggression is always produced by frustration; and (2) frustration always produces aggression. Thus it is not reasonable to view frustration alone as a necessary and sufficient causal factor. In an important reformulation of the FA hypothesis. Berkowitz (1989)29 hypothesized that it was only

Core Curriculum Is there a Need :: Teaching Education

Core Curriculum Is there a Need In high school, most students went through four years where they got a general knowledge of most basic subjects. You were forced to take three to four years of math, science, English, and some form of history. In addition, most students were required to take two years of a foreign language and Physical Education. All these things are mandatory for most high school students to do, just to pass high school. Many students don’t want to stop there. They want to go on to higher education. Most students want to go to college. All of those years of math, science, history, English, foreign language, and physical education are all required to get into college. So most students think that when they get to college, they will pick a major, and they will extensively learn about that major. The student thinks that they were done with learning general knowledge about all subjects. They believe that they will get into college and hop right into their major. But the way that most colleg es are set up, you don’t really get into your major until the second semester of your sophomore year or the first semester of your junior year. When you first get to college, you are taking many of the same classes that you took in high school. This is a very unnecessary policy. The first two years of college, you are completing your core curriculum. These are mostly the same classes that you took throughout high school. These are the same classes that you took to get into college. Yet you must spend two years and thousands of dollars to take those same classes all over again. Regardless of your major and job field that you want to go into, you must retake math, science, history, English, foreign language, and physical education. Not only must you spend your valuable time taking these classes again, you must also spend your money. Depending on your major and job field, many of these things you learn in these classes, you will not use ever again. In college, you should be learning about what you want to do for a living. Your degree should symbolize your learning and mastery of the skills that your job field requires. Instead, it says that you know a little about every subject, and know a little bit more about your major than someone without a degree in that field.

Outcome based education

Memoranda E. Local Title: Outcome-based Education: A Reaction Paper Outcome-based education is simply referred to student-centered learning methods that focuses on the student itself. The student would make a demonstration of the skills they had learned. It is different in traditional nursing wherein OBEY does not require a particular style of teaching.The student is open to use any kind of method they are comfortable with for learning. For a nursing student, it is very agreeable on my part to use the OBEY system and/or incorporate it to the traditional curriculum the students are familiar with. Nursing students are required to do return demonstrations to assess their competencies and the OBEY can be used for the students' benefit. It would be unwise, in my humble opinion, to eradicate the traditional method and be replaced by the outcome-based education.OBEY has been considered as a modern teaching strategy/curriculum and if the traditional methods had been totally replaced, there w ould be difficulties on the part of the professor handling the abject, especially if said professor is not actually young by age, but young by heart. The best possible solution that I am leaning myself into is to wean the traditional curriculum and slowly incorporate the outcome-based education so as to both professors and students won't have the shock in the new set up.If that plan goes successful, the it would be much better for two curriculums both old and new, merge into a single but much better off education system. The OBEY is still on the process of acceptance by different nursing schools and universities for it has not been openly used by faculties alike. It is but a reminder that the OBEY is still new and that it is very normal if few schools are using it on their student education.As the saying goes, old habits die hard, it is still on the process of usage and further recommendation. There is no perfect curriculum that can be used and be subjected to students. As I have sa id before, the OBEY is an interesting program that can be used to nursing schools because it submits to returns demonstrations and such. No door shall be closed in using this type of modernity.

The Construction Sector and Pollution - 2894 Words

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